tap / space
Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: B1 — Intermediate
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
From Middle English catel, from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”), from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel, Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”)). For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. Also compare Russian поголо́вье (pogolóvʹje, “total number of livestock”) from Russian голова́ (golová, “head”). Doublet of capital and chattel.
cows, kine, oxen, Bos taurus
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Classic usage
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