civilisation

Reading level: hard

Estimated CEFR level: C1 — Advanced

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

noun the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization
noun a particular society at a particular time and place
noun a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

Borrowed from French civilisation, equivalent to civilise + -ation or civil + -isation.

Cities, nations, civilisation, progress—it’s all over. — The war of the worlds, H. G. (Herbert George) Wells
How different from the civilisation of modern times! — Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte — Complete, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne
Any civilisation they have they stole from us. — Ulysses, James Joyce

civilization

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