clone

Estimated CEFR level: C2 — Proficiency

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

noun a person who is almost identical to another
noun a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction
noun an unauthorized copy or imitation

Coined (in botany) in 1903, based on Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn, “twig”). Figurative use from the 1970s.

We spent months working with viruses, self cloning software and built mathematical models of their behavior which fit quite neatly in the domain of conventional set theory. — Terminal Compromise, Winn Schwartau

ringer, dead ringer

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