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Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: C1 — Advanced
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
From Middle English crafty, crefty, craftiȝ, from Old English cræftiġ (“ingenious; skilful; crafty; cunning; virtuous; powerful”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftag, *kraftīg, *kraftug, from Proto-Germanic *kraftugaz (“powerful”), equivalent to craft + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian kräftich, krääftig, West Frisian krêftich, Dutch krachtig, German Low German krachtig, German kräftig.
cunning, dodgy, foxy, guileful, knavish, slick, sly, tricksy, tricky, wily
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Classic usage
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