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Classic usage
Reading level: medium
Estimated CEFR level: B1 — Intermediate
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”).
house, business firm
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Classic usage
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