involuntary

Reading level: hard

Estimated CEFR level: C1 — Advanced

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

  1. adjective not subject to the control of the will; ; ; ; - John F.Kennedy
  2. adjective controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control

Etymology

From in- + voluntary, from Late Latin involontarius, from in + volontarius.

In classic literature

Synonyms

nonvoluntary, unvoluntary

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