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Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: C2 — Proficiency
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
First attested in the 1450s, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English obdurat(e), borrowed from Latin obdūrātus (“hardened”), perfect passive participle of obdūrō (“to harden”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“to harden, render hard”), from dūrus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.
cussed, obstinate, unrepentant
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Classic usage
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