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Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: B1 — Intermediate
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
From Middle English punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“to inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced Old English wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.
penalize, penalise
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tap / space
Classic usage
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