substitute

Reading level: hard

Estimated CEFR level: B2 — Upper-Intermediate

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

  1. noun a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
  2. noun an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced
  3. noun someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult)

Etymology

From Middle English substituten, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituō, from sub- (“under; beneath”) + statuō (“to put up; establish”).

In classic literature

Synonyms

replacement

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