turbulent

Reading level: hard

Estimated CEFR level: C1 — Advanced

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

  1. adjective characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination
  2. adjective (of a liquid) agitated vigorously; in a state of turbulence

Etymology

From Middle English turbulent, from Middle French turbulent, from Latin turbulentus, from turba (“disorder, tumult, crowd”).

In classic literature

Synonyms

disruptive, riotous, troubled, tumultuous

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