umlaut

Estimated CEFR level: C2 — Proficiency

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

noun a diacritical mark (two dots) placed over a vowel in German to indicate a change in sound

Borrowed from German Umlaut in the 19ᵗʰ century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”), from Old High German hlūt. More at loud.

Diereses (umlauts) have been removed from English words and replaced by “e” in German ones. — The Canterbury Tales, and Other Poems, Geoffrey Chaucer
| | UTF-8 characters: | | [~x] = x with a tilde | | [x:] = x with two dots below (diaresis, umlaut) | | [)x] = x with x with breve (u-shaped symbol) | | [=x] = x with macron (straight line) | | [.x] = x with a dot above | | [x.] — The Ontario High School Reader, Aletta E. Marty
Diacritical mark above below -------------------------- ------ ------ macron (straight line) [=x] [x=] 2 dots (diaresis or umlaut) [:x] [x:] 1 dot [.x] [x.] grave accent [\x] [x\] acute (égu) accent [/x] [x/] circumflex [^x] [x^] caron (v-shaped symbol) [vx] [xv] breve (u-shaped symbol) [)x] [x)] tilde [~x] [x~] cedilla [,x] [x,] Diacritical marks are sometimes combined e.g. a character with a macron above and a dot below is respresented as [=x.] in the text. — Southern Arabia, J. Theodore (James Theodore) Bent

dieresis, diaeresis

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