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Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: B2 — Upper-Intermediate
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
Probably from Middle English vilein, from Old French vilein (modern French vilain), in turn from Late Latin vīllānus, meaning serf or peasant, someone who is bound to the soil of a Latin vīlla, which is to say, worked on the equivalent of a plantation in late Antiquity, in Italy or Gaul. Doublet of villein. Compare typologically pagan (see more).
scoundrel
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Classic usage
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