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Classic usage
Reading level: hard
Estimated CEFR level: C1 — Advanced
Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.
From Middle English welden, from the merger of Old English wealdan (“to control, rule”) (strong class 7) and Old English wieldan (“to control, subdue”) (weak). Both verbs derive from Proto-West Germanic *waldan and *waldijan, respectively; and are ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waldaną (“to rule”). The reason for the merger was that in Middle English the -d in the stem made it hard to distinguish between strong and weak forms in the past tense.
exert, maintain
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Classic usage
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